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What are the differences between TN/STN/FSTN/VA modes of LCD?

LCD screens are used in many devices in our lives. LCD refers to Liquid crystal display, which is a general term for liquid crystal display technology. According to the driving mode, it is divided into three types: static drive, simple matrix drive and active matrix drive. According to the different rotation angles of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal box, we divide the LCD screen into different working modes. Different working modes will make the display effect of the screen different.


TN (Twisted Nematic) is a new liquid crystal material developed after DSM type liquid crystal material. The emergence of TN laid the foundation for the main development of LCD today. Subsequent HTN, STN, FSTN, DFSTN, etc. are all derived from TN. The difference between them lies in the arrangement of liquid crystal, twist angle and circuit.


TN, HTN, STN, FSTN, DFSTN, the structure is basically the same, TN is generally 90 degrees twist, HTN is 90 ~ 120 degrees twist, STN is 180 ~ 270 degrees twist, FSTN, DFSTN, are STN, with different twist angles and polarizer angles, STN LCD screen has yellow-green mode, blue mode, gray mode, etc.; while TN LCD screen is positive and negative, etc. FSTN, DFSTN appearance is black or white, FSTN is STN with film compensation (film compensated STN), DFSTN uses double FSTN structure to achieve black and white display.


The core feature of VA liquid crystal is that its liquid crystal molecules are arranged perpendicular to the glass substrate, that is, in the voltage-free state, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged vertically.


Integrate and analyze the differences between these different models from different aspects


Type

Display Effect

Viewing Angle

Price

application

Drive channels

advantage

shortcoming

 

  TN

 

Gray, yellow-green,

 

 

30~50°

 

Cheap

 

Segment screen

 

1/8

Cheap mold making, low unit price, low power consumption, can be used with TFT to become an active matrix display, fast response time, low technical entry threshold

Cannot produce high-frequency signals, poor viewing angle, poor contrast, unrealistic color performance

 

 TN-

 

Black bottom

 

 

30~50°

 

Cheap

Segment screens, electronic watches, calculators, game consoles, etc. LCDs are mostly TN-LCD

 

1/8

Cheap mold opening, low unit price, low power consumption

Cannot make high-pass, poor viewing angle, poor contrast, background color is limited to black

 

HTN

 

Yellow green, gray

60°~70°

Between TN screen and STN screen, moderate cost performance

 

Segment screen, general instrument or meter

 

1/8

Compared with TN screen, it has a wider viewing angle, low cost, low power consumption, easy production, and a wide range of applications.

Poor contrast, average display effect, not suitable for manufacturing high-drive LCD

 

STN

 

Gray background, yellow-green background

150°

Medium price: yellow-green film and blue film are the same price; gray film is more expensive

Segment screen, dot matrix screen, STN LCD screen, high-end instruments or meters, wire welding machines, notepads, etc.

 

1/240

High driving capability, large amount of displayed information, wide viewing angle, diversified display modes, and wide range of applications

Process equipment, high requirements, low yield, high raw material requirements, high cost

STN-

Light font on dark blue background

150°

Medium price

Segment screen, dot matrix screen

1/240

High driving capability

Process equipment, high requirements, low yield, high raw material requirements, high cost

 

 

FSTN

 

 

Gray and white background, red, green and blue background, black text,

150°

 

 

Slightly expensive

 

Dot matrix screen, wide range of use,

 

1/240

Good background color, wide viewing angle, semi-transparent and semi-reflective, sunlight visible, high-number dot matrix, can display any graphics

The background color is not pure enough; the response time is slow; the color will change due to high temperature; the power consumption is high; the cost is high, and it is only used in passive matrix and cannot be used with TFT to become active matrix;



     DFSTN-

 

Black background: font and backlight color are the same

150°

 

Relatively expensive

 

Dot matrix screen

 

1/240

It is a cool compensation black film for FSTN, which can resist the influence of temperature and always maintain high contrast, making up for the disadvantage that FSTN color is affected by high temperature.

Colors are available now, only black background; expensive

 


        VA

 

Black background with white text

100°

 

expensive

 

Segment Code

 

1/8; 1/16(Applicable only to character dot matrix module)

Pure black background, excellent contrast, good color effect, solves the problem of TN-screen being "not black enough" and the viewing angle problem of TN+ screen.

Pure black background, excellent contrast, good color effect, solves the problem of TN-screen being "not black enough" and the viewing angle problem of TN+ screen.


Perspective increasing relationship:TN<HTN<VA<STN&FSTN(DFSTN-)


Positive mode and negative mode:

Positive mode: semi-transmissive and semi-reflective, backlight-free, low voltage, low power consumption, visible in all environments

Negative mode: fully transparent polarizer mode, backlight required, brightness above 800 nits to be visible in sunlight


Reaction speed comparison:TN>HTN>STN>FSTN>VA

Contrast:VA>FSTN(DFSTN-)>STN>HTN>TN


Note: The above analysis is for reference only.


Hot Display has been focusing on the research and development and production of LCD screens for 20 years. We have a complete range of product models for the above models. For more information, please contact us directly!




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